@article{aad3cffd23e8468e9724ed507ac5fb9f,
title = "Coastal upwelling along the north coast of Papua New Guinea and El Ni{\~n}o events during 1981-2005",
abstract = "We investigate the relationship between sea surface temperature (SST) cooling and upwelling along Papua New Guinea's (PNG) north coast before the onset of El Ni{\~n}o events using a hindcast experiment with a high-resolution ocean general circulation model. Coastal upwelling and related SST cooling appear along PNG north coast during the boreal winter before the onsets of six El Ni{\~n}o events occurring during 1981-2005. Relatively cool SSTs appear along PNG north coast during that time, when anomalous northwesterly surface wind stress, which can cause coastal upwelling by offshore Ekman transport appearing over the region. In addition, anomalous cooling tendencies of SST are observed, accompanying anomalous upward velocities at the base of the mixed layer and shallow anomalies of 27°C isotherm depth. It is also shown that entrainment cooling plays an important role in the cooling of the mixed layer temperature in this region.",
keywords = "Coastal upwelling, El Ni{\~n}o events, SST cooling, Western equatorial Pacific",
author = "Takuya Hasegawa and Kentaro Ando and Keisuke Mizuno and Roger Lukas and Bunmei Taguchi and Hideharu Sasaki",
note = "Funding Information: The authors express their sincere thanks to members of the Research Institute for Global Change of JAMSTEC for many useful discussions. The authors also thank Akio Ishida for comments about the OFES hindcast experiment. Masanori Konda provided useful comments concerning the relationship between PNG coastal upwelling and the vertical velocity field. Sayaka Yasunaka gave a useful comment on the statistical significance check for the composite analysis. The OFES hindcast experiment was conducted on the Earth Simulator with the support of JAMSTEC. The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments to help improve this study. This study was partially supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), 19540459, Japan. RL was supported by the US National Science Foundation grant OCE-0752606.",
year = "2010",
month = oct,
doi = "10.1007/s10236-010-0334-y",
language = "英語",
volume = "60",
pages = "1255--1269",
journal = "Ocean Dynamics",
issn = "1616-7341",
publisher = "Springer Verlag",
number = "5",
}