Abstract
Human prolyl-hydroxylases (PHDs) are hypoxia-sensing 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) oxygenases, catalysis by which suppresses the transcription of hypoxia-inducible factor target genes. PHD inhibition enables the treatment of anaemia/ischaemia-related disease. The PHD inhibitor Molidustat is approved for the treatment of renal anaemia; it differs from other approved/late-stage PHD inhibitors in lacking a glycinamide side chain. The first reported crystal structures of Molidustat and IOX4 (a brain-penetrating derivative) complexed with PHD2 reveal how their contiguous triazole, pyrazolone and pyrimidine/pyridine rings bind at the active site. The inhibitors bind to the active-site metal in a bidentate manner through their pyrazolone and pyrimidine nitrogens, with the triazole π-π-stacking with Tyr303 in the 2OG binding pocket. Comparison of the new structures with other PHD inhibitor complexes reveals differences in the conformations of Tyr303, Tyr310, and a mobile loop linking β2–β3, which are involved in dynamic substrate binding/product release.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 2082-2088 |
Number of pages | 7 |
Journal | ChemMedChem |
Volume | 16 |
Issue number | 13 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 2021/07/06 |
Keywords
- Molidustat
- anaemia
- enzyme inhibition
- hypoxia-inducible factor-alpha (HIF)
- oxygenases
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Medicine
- Pharmacology
- Drug Discovery
- General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
- Organic Chemistry