@article{236575dc1f4f47318f6e4a2f902df694,
title = "Wind-tunnel measurements of restitution coefficients and ejection number of snow particles in drifting snow: Determination of splash functions",
abstract = "Wind-tunnel experiments of drifting snow were carried out and splash functions were formulated to describe probability distributions of vertical restitution coefficient, horizontal restitution coefficient and ejection number when a natural snow particle collided at a natural snow surface. The following results were obtained: (1) The vertical restitution coefficient was usually larger than unity and decreased sharply with impact angle. At smaller impact angles around 5 degrees the vertical restitution coefficient exceeded a magnitude of ten. (2) The horizontal restitution coefficient, ranging from -1 to 1.5, decreased with impact velocity, but was not clearly dependent on impact angle. (3) The ejection number amounted to five per impact and increased with impact velocity. (4) Three splash functions to express the probability distributions of the vertical restitution coefficient, horizontal restitution coefficient and ejection number were formulated, which will be used in future computer simulations of the snow drifting process.",
keywords = "Drifting snow, Ejection number, Restitution coefficient, Saltation, Splash function, Wind tunnel",
author = "K. Sugiura and N. Maeno",
note = "Funding Information: The authors would like to thank Dr. K. Nishimura and Dr. M. Arakawa of the Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, for much useful advice and discussions. We also thank Professor D. Kobayashi, Professor A. Kouchi, Dr. N. Watanabe of the Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Associate Professor H. Takahashi of the Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, and Associate Professor H. Uyeda of the Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, for helpful discussions in the study. We gratefully acknowledge the use of the wind-tunnel devices and helpful discussions with Dr. A. Sato, Dr. O. Abe, Dr. T. Sato and Dr. K. Kosugi of the Shinjo Branch of Snow and Ice Studies. We wish to thank the anonymous referees for valuable comments and suggestions. This study was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Cooperative Research and Scientific Research of the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Japan.",
year = "2000",
doi = "10.1023/A:1002681026929",
language = "英語",
volume = "95",
pages = "123--143",
journal = "Boundary-Layer Meteorology",
issn = "0006-8314",
publisher = "Springer Netherlands",
number = "1",
}