Relationship Between Lymphaticovenular Anastomosis Outcomes and The Number and Types of Anastomoses

Background: Lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA) is the first-line treatment for lymphedema in many hospitals. However, many aspects of its effects remain unclear. This study aimed to analyze problems with regard to the relationship between lymphaticovenular anastomosis and outcomes of surgery for lymphedema in the upper and lower extremities. Methods: Eighteen articles were selected for review. The following information was extracted from these articles as factors associated with LVA for lymphedema in the upper and lower extremities: number of cases, average patient age, mean number of bypasses, lymphedema stage, duration and type of lymphedema, anastomotic technique, follow-up period, type of scale, and treatment outcomes. Results: Upper extremity lymphedema: The average age of patients was 54.2 (range: 41.3–60.1) years. The mean number of anastomoses was 3.91 (range: 1.0–7.2). Six of nine articles provided data for volume change, and the mean volume change was 29% (-5%-50%). Lower extremity lymphedema: The average age of patients was 50.3 (range: 34–64 years). The mean number of anastomoses was 4.6 (range: 2.1–9.3). Comparison was difficult as different methods were used for postoperative evaluation (lower extremity lymphedema index in three patients, limb circumference in one, volume change in two, and restaging in three). Conclusions: We obtained useful information with regard to the effects of LVA in this review. An increased number of anastomoses between the lymphatic ducts and veins did not seem to improve the effectiveness of LVA. With regard to the stage of lymphedema, LVA may be useful for both early and advanced stages.