Nucleic acid tests and advanced management of infectious diseases

Steady advances have been made in the development of nucleic acid tests in the field of clinical microbiology. Standardization of the methodologies and simplification of procedures could promote routine use of these methods. The nucleic acid tests can provide high specificity and a fine detection limit, as well as additional indications in targeted microorganisms.Several issues,such as the cost for the tests and the possibility of overdiagnosis should be continuously evaluated; however, rapid and accurate diagnosis using these methods can enhance antimicrobial stewardship. Harmonization between the conventional and the nucleic acid tests may be expected to improve the quality of management of infectious diseases.