Lumbar disc degeneration progression in young women in their 20's: A prospective ten-year follow up

Background Lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) is known to be the main cause of low back pain, although it is unclear how or when LDD progresses. The purpose of this study was to clarify the process and features of LDD progression in young women. Methods We enrolled 480 nursing students and carried out a prospective cohort study in 84 nursing students. MRI of the lumbar spine was taken once during their time as a student and again at 9.8 years (7–14) after the first MRI when they were working as nurses. The grade of LDD was determined according to Schneiderman's grade. The progression of disc degeneration was evaluated by the change in the degenerative disc disease (DDD) score (the summation of DDD score at each disc level). The subjects were divided into two groups based on MRI findings: Group A, those without disc degeneration at the first MRI (n = 58) and Group B, those showing disc degeneration on the first MRI (n = 26). We evaluated the change in DDD score and assessed the particular disc levels that showed Schneiderman's grade worsening in each group. Results At the time of the 2nd MRI, the DDD score increased from 5.6 (5–9) to 6.3 (5–11). The L5/S disc was the most frequent level showing the progression of LDD. In Group A, 18 subjects (31.0%) and in Group B, 15 subjects (57.7%) had degeneration progression (p = 0.02). Conclusions This study revealed that 31% of the young adult subjects already had disc degeneration in 20's (time of first MRI) and the disc degeneration rapidly progressed in these subjects.