Association of hospital volume with perioperative and oncological outcomes of robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a retrospective multicenter cohort study

Background: This retrospective multicenter cohort study investigated the association of hospital volume with perioperative and oncological outcomes in patients treated with robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Methods: We collected the clinical data of patients who underwent RARP at eight institutions in Japan between September 2012 and August 2021. The patients were divided into two groups based on the treatment site—high- and non-high-volume hospitals. We defined a high-volume hospital as one where RARP was performed for more than 100 cases per year. Results: After excluding patients who received neoadjuvant therapy, a total of 2753 patients were included in this study. In the high-volume hospital group, console time and estimated blood loss were significantly (p < 0.001) lower than that of the non-high-volume hospital group. However, the continence rate at 3 months after RARP, positive surgical margins, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-relapse-free survival showed no significant differences between the two groups. Furthermore, the console time was significantly shorter after 100 cases in the non-high-volume hospital group but not in the high-volume hospital group. Conclusions: A higher hospital volume was significantly associated with shorter console time and less estimated blood loss. However, oncological outcomes and early continence recovery appear to be comparable regardless of the hospital volume in Japan.