Applicability of Internal Standardization with Yttrium to the Solid-phase Extraction of Trace Elements in Groundwater and Wastewater Using an Aminocarboxylic Acid-type Chelating Resin

Internal standardization was applied to the solid-phase extraction of trace elements using the following commercially available aminocarboxylic acid-type chelating resins: InertSep ME-2, NOBIAS Chelate PA-1, and Presep PolyChelate. The concentration of the trace elements in initial sample solution can be calculated by using the ratio of the added amount of the internal standard element, Y, in the initial sample solution to that in the final solution after the solid-phase extraction, which is proportional to the volume of the sample solution passed through the cartridge, and the ratio of the volume of the initial sample solution to that of a blank solution for preparing the calibration curve. In this solid-phase extraction, strict control of the volumes of the sample solution passed through the cartridge and the final solution after the solid-phase extraction is not needed because these are not used in the calculation of the trace element concentration. The solid-phase extraction with the internal standardization using Y could be applied to the separation and preconcentration of some trace elements, namely Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Ti, and Zn in an artificial seawater spiked with the elements and some certified reference materials, EnviroMAT ES-L-1 Ground Water and EU-L-3 Waste Water, without any interference.