システム・イノベーションをめぐるトランジション研究における「権力（関係）概念」モデルの意義と可能性

In the past decade or so, a series of works in the transition studies literature has generated more insight into how and to what extent system innovations and sustainable transitions can be emerged as a result of non-linear processes of multilayered, co-evolving interactions. In the process of doing so, some forms of basic theories and perspectives―named as multi-phase perspective and multi-level perspective―have been made from disciplines like complex system theory and social studies of technology. Although studies applying these perspectives often describe a transition as dynamic processes associated with a transformation of the dominant configuration of actors, institutions and structures and a particular power struggle between current vested interests and upcoming reformists, there has not been explicit references to power. Many have thus pointed out that in order to have more improved and contextualized understandings on the dynamics of structural transformation in societal systems, it is necessary to develop a framework in which power is explicitly conceptualized in relation to a long-term temporal scale and possibilities of social change.

In light of this academic background, Avelino and Rotmans (2011; 2009) and Avelino (20011; 2009) have come up with the most power-laden conceptual tool in the transition studies literature so far. This analytical model that they call 'multi-level power-in-transition (Multi-PIT) framework' develops a typology of the different ways in which power can be exercised and based on actor-specific point of view, a distinction is made among innovative, transformative, constitutive and systemic power. In addition, resources of power and power relations are conceptually defined and operationalized so that Multi-PIT is made more accessible to a more wide range of interdisciplinary studies for sustainable transitions. With all these newly-invented concepts, Multi-PIT redefines some of essential components of the existing transition frameworks.

Reviewing their works, this article first introduces Multi-PIT by laying out its basic foundations in relation to those of the existing perspectives and theories in the transition studies literature. Next, the article argues the significance and potential that one can seek from Multi-PIT. With reference to existing literature on power found mostly in political science and sociology, the article sheds light on how and to what extent Multi-PIT differs from the conventional conceptualization of power. The article then explores how likely it is for Multi-PIT to live up to the potential, utilizing its uniqueness for doing more refined analyses on power in sustainable transitions.