Preoperative inhalation therapy for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease undergoing lung surgery: a retrospective study

Background: Research shows that even the short-term administration of inhaled drugs immediately before surgery can improve respiratory function in surgical candidates with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the long-term efficacies of different types of long-acting inhaled agents when used during a short preoperative period remain unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacies of short-term, preoperative long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs), inhaled corticosteroids with long-acting β2-agonists (ICSs/LABAs), and long-acting muscarinic antagonists with long-acting β2-agonists (LAMAs/LABAs) in patients with COPD after lung resection. Methods: Patients who underwent anatomical lung resections between April 2010 and March 2020 were divided into the non-COPD (193 patients) and COPD (241 patients) groups. The COPD group underwent preoperative treatment with either a LAMA (51 patients), an ICS/LABA (112 patients), or a LAMA/LABA (78 patients) for almost 1 month, with pulmonary function tests performed initially, just before surgery, and at 1 and 6 months after surgery. Improvement in preoperative respiratory function by inhalation therapy and the maintenance of improvement in respiratory function after surgery were examined in each group. Results: The COPD group had significantly higher proportions of men, older patients, smokers, and histopathologic types except for adenocarcinoma than the non-COPD group; however, there were neither differences in sex, age, percentage of smokers, or histopathologic type among the inhalant groups within the COPD group nor were there differences in percentage of GOLD stage, preoperative inhalation period, or percentage of resected lobes in lobectomy. Preoperative increases in forced expiratory volume in 1.0 s (FEV1.0) were significantly higher in the COPD group (129.07 ± 11.29 mL) than in the non-COPD group (-2.32 ± 12.93 mL) (p < 0.0001). At 6 months, there was no significant difference in residual FEV1.0 between the COPD-LAMA/LABA (2017.46 ± 62.43 mL) and non-COPD groups (2046.93 ± 40.53 mL). The FEV1.0 reduction rate was more suppressed in the COPD-LAMA/LABA group than in the non-COPD group at 1 and 6 months after surgery. Conclusions: Short-term, preoperative, inhaled pharmacotherapies, particularly LAMAs/LABAs, were effective at improving respiratory function in patients with COPD; thus, these agents are recommended for use in this population.