TY - JOUR
T1 - Genomic and transcriptomic analyses of the subterranean termite Reticulitermes speratus
T2 - Gene duplication facilitates social evolution
AU - Shigenobu, Shuji
AU - Hayashi, Yoshinobu
AU - Watanabe, Dai
AU - Tokuda, Gaku
AU - Hojo, Masaru Y.
AU - Toga, Kouhei
AU - Saiki, Ryota
AU - Yaguchi, Hajime
AU - Masuoka, Yudai
AU - Suzuki, Ryutaro
AU - Suzuki, Shogo
AU - Kimura, Moe
AU - Matsunami, Masatoshi
AU - Sugime, Yasuhiro
AU - Oguchi, Kohei
AU - Niimi, Teruyuki
AU - Gotoh, Hiroki
AU - Hojo, Masaru K.
AU - Miyazaki, Satoshi
AU - Toyoda, Atsushi
AU - Miura, Toru
AU - Maekawa, Kiyoto
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
PY - 2022/1/18
Y1 - 2022/1/18
N2 - Termites are model social organisms characterized by a polyphenic caste system. Subterranean termites (Rhinotermitidae) are ecologically and economically important species, including acting as destructive pests. Rhinotermitidae occupies an important evolutionary position within the clade representing a transitional taxon between the higher (Termitidae) and lower (other families) termites. Here, we report the genome, transcriptome, and methylome of the Japanese subterranean termite Reticulitermes speratus. Our analyses highlight the significance of gene duplication in social evolution in this termite. Gene duplication associated with caste-biased gene expression was prevalent in the R. speratus genome. The duplicated genes comprised diverse categories related to social functions, including lipocalins (chemical communication), cellulases (wood digestion and social interaction), lysozymes (social immunity), geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (social defense), and a novel class of termite lineage–specific genes with unknown functions. Paralogous genes were often observed in tandem in the genome, but their expression patterns were highly variable, exhibiting caste biases. Some of the assayed duplicated genes were expressed in caste-specific organs, such as the accessory glands of the queen ovary and the frontal glands of soldier heads.We propose that gene duplication facilitates social evolution through regulatory diversification, leading to caste-biased expression and subfunctionalization and/or neofunctionalization conferring caste-specialized functions.
AB - Termites are model social organisms characterized by a polyphenic caste system. Subterranean termites (Rhinotermitidae) are ecologically and economically important species, including acting as destructive pests. Rhinotermitidae occupies an important evolutionary position within the clade representing a transitional taxon between the higher (Termitidae) and lower (other families) termites. Here, we report the genome, transcriptome, and methylome of the Japanese subterranean termite Reticulitermes speratus. Our analyses highlight the significance of gene duplication in social evolution in this termite. Gene duplication associated with caste-biased gene expression was prevalent in the R. speratus genome. The duplicated genes comprised diverse categories related to social functions, including lipocalins (chemical communication), cellulases (wood digestion and social interaction), lysozymes (social immunity), geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (social defense), and a novel class of termite lineage–specific genes with unknown functions. Paralogous genes were often observed in tandem in the genome, but their expression patterns were highly variable, exhibiting caste biases. Some of the assayed duplicated genes were expressed in caste-specific organs, such as the accessory glands of the queen ovary and the frontal glands of soldier heads.We propose that gene duplication facilitates social evolution through regulatory diversification, leading to caste-biased expression and subfunctionalization and/or neofunctionalization conferring caste-specialized functions.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85123663050&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1073/pnas.2110361119
DO - 10.1073/pnas.2110361119
M3 - 学術論文
C2 - 35042774
AN - SCOPUS:85123663050
SN - 0027-8424
VL - 119
JO - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
IS - 3
M1 - e2110361119
ER -