Formation and evolution of inclusions in high chromium steel

Controlling inclusion content in high chromium steel is very important to prevent submerged entry nozzle from clogging in continuous casting and avoid the negative impacts of inclusions on steel properties. Therefore, effects of temperature and content of elements on phase stability diagram should be clarified in chromium bearing steel. However, the effect of chromium content on boundaries of MgO, MgO∙Al₂O₃ and Al₂O₃ in phase stability diagram are much different among the researchers. The direction of boundaries shift is affected by chromium content differently. Temperature dependencies of deoxidation equilibrium constants below 1 873 K are also scattered. Calcium, which is used to avoid the negative effect of MgO∙Al₂O₃ inclusion, enlarges liquid region in phase stability diagram. However, the region replaced by liquid oxide is understood differently in low alloyed steel and high chromium steel. In TiO_X-Al₂O₃-MgO system inclusion, commercial thermochemical software predicts that boundaries of Ti₂O₃, Ti₃O₅, Al₂O₃ and TiOx-Al₂O₃ shift toward lower titanium content in high chromium steel. However, the calculated phase stability diagrams vary among studies even in liquid iron or low alloyed steel. Therefore, equilibrium experiments under various conditions and reliable technique of thermodynamic calculation with high accuracy are desired.