Change detection of Jamuna River and its impact on the local settlements

Spatio-temporal change detection analysis of Jamuna River using low and medium-resolution satellite data between the years of 1972 and 2013 are dynamic to assess river spatio-temporal changes and their impacts on the local settlements over the specific time. This study employs remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) proficiencies to identify the river bank shifting, erosion, and depositional features along with the population displacement. The satellite image of LANDSAT multispectral (MSS), thematic mapper (TM), and operational land imager (OLI) and thermal infrared sensor (TIRS) were used in this study. Supervised and unsupervised classification techniques have been used to identify land cover types and detect the changes using ArcGIS Pro 2.3.2. Supervised classifications performed well by validating ≥90% overall accuracy. The result shows total erosion was 3356 ha from 1972 to 2013, while the deposition was 5342 ha. Erosion and deposition cause the bank line shifting, river widening, and settlement displacement. Hundreds of displaced people suffered from loss of land, livelihood, increased poverty, food insecurity, lack of sanitation, and drinking water facilities. Thus, this study will be earnest in assisting the environmental management and associated planning including necessary measures.