The purpose of this study was to develop an olfaction test for Japanese children by adding and modifying procedures of the adult olfaction test for Japanese children. This study also considered the level of language development, and aimed to measure developmental tests and children's experiences, including language, and to clarify the relationship between these and the olfaction test. In Study 1, data were obtained from 84 healthy children aged 4-6 years to examine the feasibility of the test, and it was shown that the adult olfaction test could be applied to young children by adding and modifying procedures. In Study 2, we confirmed that the test can be administered to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), we showed that the test can detect difficulties in the ability to smell in children with ASD.